Xo'jakalon Zubdiy

Biography

Xo'jakalon Zubdiy was a poet of the Kokand literary circle in the second half of the 19th and the beginning of the 20th century who worthily carried on the traditions of classical poetry and was known for his profound mystical (Sufi) and lyric ghazals. He was born in Kokand into a family of ulama and devout people. From his youth he took a deep interest in religious and secular learning; he studied in the madrasas of Kokand and mastered Arabic and Persian, logic, Islamic law, the aruz and the rules of classical poetry. His given name was Xo'jakalon, and in poetry he used the pen name Zubdiy, from zubda, 'the chosen', 'the choicest', 'the kernel'. He worked in the difficult literary world of the transitional period that followed the abolition of the Kokand Khanate and was in literary contact with Muqimiy, Furqat (Zokirjon Holmuhammad o'g'li), Nisbat, Muznib and other writers. Sufi ideas, moral purity, divine love and the discipline of the self take first place in Zubdiy's poetry; he exalted human virtue, spiritual perfection and uprightness. Deeply devoted to Alisher Navoiy, Fuzuliy and Bedil, he wrote chiefly ghazals, muhammas and ruba'is. Although his poems were not published as a complete divan in his lifetime, his ghazals and muhammas survive in various bayaz anthologies and poetry collections lithographed in Tashkent and Kokand in the late 19th and early 20th century. Today manuscript and lithograph copies of his work are kept in the fonds of the Abu Rayhan Beruni Institute of Oriental Studies of the Academy of Sciences of Uzbekistan and of the Kokand Museum of Literature.

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Works

• G'azallar
• Muxammaslar
• Ruboiylar
• Toshbosma bayoz va majmualardagi she'rlar